Ex: Circle (x−2)²+(y+3)²=25 → center (2,−3), radius 5
Plane Geometry Triangles, Circles, Area
Triangle area = ½·b·h Similar triangles: corresponding sides in proportion Arc length = (θ/360)·2πr Sector area = (θ/360)·πr² 30-60-90: sides 1 : √3 : 2 45-45-90: sides 1 : 1 : √2
Ex: 30-60-90 triangle, short leg=3 → long leg=3√3, hyp=6
Trigonometry SOH CAH TOA, Identities
sin θ = opp/hyp cos θ = adj/hyp tan θ = opp/adj sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 Law of Sines: a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC Law of Cosines: c² = a² + b² − 2ab·cosC
Ex: tan 45° = 1; sin 30° = 0.5; cos 60° = 0.5
Statistics Mean, Median, Std Dev
Mean = sum / count Weighted mean = Σ(weight × value) / Σ(weights) Probability = favorable outcomes / total outcomes P(A and B) = P(A)·P(B) [if independent]
Ex: P(rolling 2 sixes in a row) = (1/6)×(1/6) = 1/36